Technical resources

Every resource names its sources and the date they were read. A calculated value shows its method, and a legal limit names the regulation and the table, so any figure can be checked at its source.

Nothing here asks for an enquiry. The pages exist to be cited, so a figure can be lifted into a specification or a design report with its source attached.

Between them they answer the questions a specification turns on. How does a connected load become a kVA rating, what current does that rating draw at each voltage, which standard governs which part of an installation, and what loss ceiling does the law set for a given rating and construction? The calculators run the same arithmetic the guides show, so a result can be followed line by line rather than taken on trust.

Time is the question a specification cannot settle on its own. The lead time page gathers what makers, analysts and the trade press have published since 2025 about how long a unit takes to build, region by region, so a programme can be planned against dated evidence rather than against hearsay from the last project.

Guides, calculators and tables

kVA to amps calculatorConvert between apparent power, real power and rated current, for single phase and three phase systems.Transformer and switchgear standards, and what each one governsA distribution project answers to several documents at once. The usual error is the right standard applied to the wrong object.Transformer lead times, October 2026What manufacturers, analysts and trade publications published in 2025 and 2026 about how long electrical equipment takes to make, by region. Each figure names its source and date. Read on 2 October 2026.EU loss limits for distribution transformersThe Tier 2 load and no load loss ceilings that three phase medium power transformers must meet, as set out in Regulation (EU) No 548/2014 as amended.Transformer sizing guide, from load to ratingA working method from connected load to a standard rating, and the two factors that most often make a first estimate wrong.

For the German market